SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective.
Identifieur interne : 000687 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000686; suivant : 000688SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective.
Auteurs : Manuela Sironi [Italie] ; Seyed E. Hasnain [Inde] ; Benjamin Rosenthal [États-Unis] ; Tung Phan [États-Unis] ; Fabio Luciani [Australie] ; Marie-Anne Shaw [Royaume-Uni] ; M Anice Sallum [Brésil] ; Marzieh Ezzaty Mirhashemi [États-Unis] ; Serge Morand [France] ; Fernando González-Candelas [Espagne]Source :
- Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases [ 1567-7257 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
In less than five months, COVID-19 has spread from a small focus in Wuhan, China, to more than 5 million people in almost every country in the world, dominating the concern of most governments and public health systems. The social and political distresses caused by this epidemic will certainly impact our world for a long time to come. Here, we synthesize lessons from a range of scientific perspectives rooted in epidemiology, virology, genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology so as to provide perspective on how this pandemic started, how it is developing, and how best we can stop it.
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104384
PubMed: 32473976
PubMed Central: PMC7256558
Affiliations:
- Australie, Brésil, Espagne, France, Inde, Italie, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Languedoc-Roussillon, Maryland, Massachusetts, Occitanie (région administrative), Pennsylvanie, Yorkshire-et-Humber, État de São Paulo
- Leeds, Montpellier, São Paulo
- Université de Leeds, Université de São Paulo
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective.</title><author><name sortKey="Sironi, Manuela" sort="Sironi, Manuela" uniqKey="Sironi M" first="Manuela" last="Sironi">Manuela Sironi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy. Electronic address: manu.sir@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini (LC)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bosisio Parini (LC)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hasnain, Seyed E" sort="Hasnain, Seyed E" uniqKey="Hasnain S" first="Seyed E" last="Hasnain">Seyed E. Hasnain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, Tughlakabad, New Delhi, India. 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Electronic address: benjamin.rosenthal@ars.usda.gov.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phan, Tung" sort="Phan, Tung" uniqKey="Phan T" first="Tung" last="Phan">Tung Phan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: phantg@upmc.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luciani, Fabio" sort="Luciani, Fabio" uniqKey="Luciani F" first="Fabio" last="Luciani">Fabio Luciani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: luciani@unsw.edu.anu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaw, Marie Anne" sort="Shaw, Marie Anne" uniqKey="Shaw M" first="Marie-Anne" last="Shaw">Marie-Anne Shaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. Electronic address: genmas@leeds.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Leeds</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Leeds</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Yorkshire-et-Humber</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sallum, M Anice" sort="Sallum, M Anice" uniqKey="Sallum M" first="M Anice" last="Sallum">M Anice Sallum</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: masallum@usp.br.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirhashemi, Marzieh Ezzaty" sort="Mirhashemi, Marzieh Ezzaty" uniqKey="Mirhashemi M" first="Marzieh Ezzaty" last="Mirhashemi">Marzieh Ezzaty Mirhashemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655-0112, USA. Electronic address: Marzieh.Mirhashemi@umassmed.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655-0112</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morand, Serge" sort="Morand, Serge" uniqKey="Morand S" first="Serge" last="Morand">Serge Morand</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolution Science of Montpellier, Case Courier 064, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: serge.morand@univ-montp2.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolution Science of Montpellier, Case Courier 064, F-34095 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Candelas, Fernando" sort="Gonzalez Candelas, Fernando" uniqKey="Gonzalez Candelas F" first="Fernando" last="González-Candelas">Fernando González-Candelas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: fernando.gonzalez@uv.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32473976</idno><idno type="pmid">32473976</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104384</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7256558</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001031</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001031</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001031</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">001031</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001031</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective.</title><author><name sortKey="Sironi, Manuela" sort="Sironi, Manuela" uniqKey="Sironi M" first="Manuela" last="Sironi">Manuela Sironi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy. Electronic address: manu.sir@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini (LC)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bosisio Parini (LC)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hasnain, Seyed E" sort="Hasnain, Seyed E" uniqKey="Hasnain S" first="Seyed E" last="Hasnain">Seyed E. Hasnain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, Tughlakabad, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: seyedhasnain@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, Tughlakabad, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenthal, Benjamin" sort="Rosenthal, Benjamin" uniqKey="Rosenthal B" first="Benjamin" last="Rosenthal">Benjamin Rosenthal</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA. Electronic address: benjamin.rosenthal@ars.usda.gov.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phan, Tung" sort="Phan, Tung" uniqKey="Phan T" first="Tung" last="Phan">Tung Phan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: phantg@upmc.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luciani, Fabio" sort="Luciani, Fabio" uniqKey="Luciani F" first="Fabio" last="Luciani">Fabio Luciani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: luciani@unsw.edu.anu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaw, Marie Anne" sort="Shaw, Marie Anne" uniqKey="Shaw M" first="Marie-Anne" last="Shaw">Marie-Anne Shaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. Electronic address: genmas@leeds.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Leeds</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Leeds</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Yorkshire-et-Humber</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sallum, M Anice" sort="Sallum, M Anice" uniqKey="Sallum M" first="M Anice" last="Sallum">M Anice Sallum</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: masallum@usp.br.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirhashemi, Marzieh Ezzaty" sort="Mirhashemi, Marzieh Ezzaty" uniqKey="Mirhashemi M" first="Marzieh Ezzaty" last="Mirhashemi">Marzieh Ezzaty Mirhashemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655-0112, USA. Electronic address: Marzieh.Mirhashemi@umassmed.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655-0112</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morand, Serge" sort="Morand, Serge" uniqKey="Morand S" first="Serge" last="Morand">Serge Morand</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolution Science of Montpellier, Case Courier 064, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: serge.morand@univ-montp2.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolution Science of Montpellier, Case Courier 064, F-34095 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Candelas, Fernando" sort="Gonzalez Candelas, Fernando" uniqKey="Gonzalez Candelas F" first="Fernando" last="González-Candelas">Fernando González-Candelas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: fernando.gonzalez@uv.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1567-7257</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In less than five months, COVID-19 has spread from a small focus in Wuhan, China, to more than 5 million people in almost every country in the world, dominating the concern of most governments and public health systems. The social and political distresses caused by this epidemic will certainly impact our world for a long time to come. Here, we synthesize lessons from a range of scientific perspectives rooted in epidemiology, virology, genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology so as to provide perspective on how this pandemic started, how it is developing, and how best we can stop it.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32473976</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1567-7257</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>84</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Infect. Genet. Evol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>104384</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1567-1348(20)30215-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104384</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>In less than five months, COVID-19 has spread from a small focus in Wuhan, China, to more than 5 million people in almost every country in the world, dominating the concern of most governments and public health systems. The social and political distresses caused by this epidemic will certainly impact our world for a long time to come. Here, we synthesize lessons from a range of scientific perspectives rooted in epidemiology, virology, genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology so as to provide perspective on how this pandemic started, how it is developing, and how best we can stop it.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sironi</LastName><ForeName>Manuela</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy. Electronic address: manu.sir@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hasnain</LastName><ForeName>Seyed E</ForeName><Initials>SE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, Tughlakabad, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: seyedhasnain@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosenthal</LastName><ForeName>Benjamin</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA. Electronic address: benjamin.rosenthal@ars.usda.gov.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Phan</LastName><ForeName>Tung</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: phantg@upmc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luciani</LastName><ForeName>Fabio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: luciani@unsw.edu.anu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shaw</LastName><ForeName>Marie-Anne</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. Electronic address: genmas@leeds.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sallum</LastName><ForeName>M Anice</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: masallum@usp.br.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mirhashemi</LastName><ForeName>Marzieh Ezzaty</ForeName><Initials>ME</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655-0112, USA. Electronic address: Marzieh.Mirhashemi@umassmed.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morand</LastName><ForeName>Serge</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Evolution Science of Montpellier, Case Courier 064, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: serge.morand@univ-montp2.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>González-Candelas</LastName><ForeName>Fernando</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: fernando.gonzalez@uv.es.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>Editors of Infection, Genetics and Evolution</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Infect Genet Evol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101084138</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1567-1348</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Coevolution</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Host susceptibility</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Immune system</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Phylodynamics</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>04</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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